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Structural failure

Stale Delegation Permission

A signing authority granted for a one-off operational reason and never revoked. Lies dormant as an attack surface for months or years.

Records exhibiting this pattern

Hack·March 23, 2022resolved
Ronin Bridge Hack — March 2022
A North Korean state actor compromised 5 of 9 validator nodes on the Ronin sidechain, draining $625 million in ETH and USDC.
$625.0M affected