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Structural failure

Single Point Of Control

A founder or single executive with unilateral authority over customer funds, treasury, or critical infrastructure. No documented checks.

Records exhibiting this pattern

Exchange collapse·February 24, 2014ongoing
Mt. Gox Collapse — February 2014
The exchange handling 70 percent of global Bitcoin trading suspended withdrawals, filed for bankruptcy, and disclosed the loss of 850,000 BTC — a recovery that is still being distributed to creditors a decade later.
$450.0M affected